From old to modern socio-cultural transformation in Oman in the novel of Sayyid ā tul Qomar by Jukhah Al-H ā ri ṡ y

Citation : Laluhun, P. (2024). From old to modern socio-cultural transformation in Oman in the novel of Sayyid ā tul Qomar by Jukhah Al-H ā ri ṡ y. Journal of Religion and Linguistics, 1 (1), p. 41-48. https://doi.org/10.31763/jorel.v1i1.5 Article


I. INTRODUCTION
In life in a country, there are various depictions of social life such as traditions and culture which are reflected in a literary work.As time progresses, the traditions and culture in the country may experience socio-cultural changes from old/traditional to modern culture, which is known as cultural transformation (Sahide et al., n.d.;Yoyo, 2018Yoyo, , 2023)).One of the cultural transformations that occurred was in the country of Oman.Since the 1970s, Oman has grown into one of the richest countries supported by petroleum-based raw materials which contribute 80% of the national economy.According to international indicators too, Oman is one of the most developed and stable countries in the Arab world (Al Hadhrami, 2016;Gonzalez, 2008).
Oman is one of the countries experiencing a social transformation from old to modern culture.The changes/transformations that the researcher will study are depicted in the novel Sayyidātul Qomar which is set in Oman which shows life in the Middle East.This novel is the work of Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy which was published in 2010 by the Dār al-Ādāb publishing house in Beirut, Lebanon.Omani writer Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy's second novel, Sayyidātul Qomar in the English version, Celestial Bodies, published in 2018 by Sandstone Press, made headlines because it won the 2019 Man Booker Prize.This novel is the first novel written by an Omani woman to win the Nobel Prize (The Novels of Jokha Alharthi, n.d.).In this novel, the fact of the transformation of old to modern culture in Oman is indicated through four generations of characters in the novel.
The novel Sayyidātul Qomar is a historical novel which is the main sub-genre of fiction in the Arab world.This novel tells the story of an upper-class Omani family whose characters are expected to maintain traditional culture.shaped by the rapid social changes and consequent changes in outlook that the Omani population experienced throughout the twentieth century and especially since Oman's emergence as an oil-rich country in the 1960s.But, trying to control the effects of social change, the family cannot suppress the unspoken history of unacceptable relationships and master-slave relationships.The impact of a strong patriarchal system on subordinate women and men is not friendly but forms a different generation of individuals, obviously because it leads to suffering and confrontation.The novel tells of a patriarch whose love for a Bedouin woman tears apart his marriage.His wife, following patriarchal strictures, seeks her own authority through rejection of her grandson's challenge to the values inherited through an unacceptable relationship with a man of lower social status.
The novel Sayyidātul Qomar was the author's choice as a material object because this novel raises the issue of socio-cultural life in Oman which is experiencing cultural transformation.This novel will be analyzed using a literary sociology approach.A literary sociology approach was chosen to determine socio-cultural aspects, socio-cultural values of cultural change/transformation of old to modern culture in the novel (English, 2010).Sociology is an objective and scientific study of humans in society and social processes (Griswold, 1993;Váňa, 2020).
So far research related to the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy has been found, including that conducted by Madhu (2020) in his journal which examines cultural conflict in the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy.Aisha Alhadidiya's (2020) research in her thesis examines ideologically significant shifts in translation by taking Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy's translation of Sayyidātul Qomar, nicknamed Celestial Bodies, as a case study.And research by Veetil (2020) in his journal which examines the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy using stylistic analysis.

II. METHOD
The research approach used is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods.According to Bogdan and Taylor, qualitative research is a research mechanism that produces descriptive data in the form of written and spoken words from people with observed actions (Taylor et al., 2008).The descriptive method is a method that is used to describe and explain data, which is then analyzed using a method that has been adapted to the data (Colorafi & Evans, 2016;Kim et al., 2017;Remler & Van Ryzin, 2021).The material object is in the form of a novel entitled Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy while the formal is the socio-cultural transformation of old to modern in the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy.
The primary data used in this research is in the form of narrative texts and dialogues that identify social interactions that show the transformation of old to modern sociocultural culture in the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy.Meanwhile, secondary data used in this research is in the form of books, scientific papers, and articles on internet sites related to the research object.This technique aims to uncover all the problems arranged in the problem formulation.The steps taken in analyzing the data in this research are reading Arabic text and the translation of the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy repeatedly, collecting data in the form of narrative text and dialogue related to the research object, classifying the data based on sociological study of literature, analyzing data that has been classified from reading and matching it from dialogue and narrative texts.

Religious System
Even though Oman is famous for its large population of Muslims, during the time of London's Grandfather and Father, practices related to mystical things which were not actually in line with the concept of Islamic teachings became a culture and tradition that

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research conducted on objects through the process of studying the sociology of literature in the novel Sayyidātul Qomar by Jukhah Al-ḥāriṡy regarding aspects of the old to modern socio-cultural transformation in Oman, the factors that influenced the socio-cultural transformation and the problems that occurred in the process of this transformation, conclusions can be drawn from this research, as follows: First, the aspects of the socio-cultural transformation from old to modern that occur in the novel are in the religious/belief system, society, education and knowledge, economy, government, technology and equipment.life.Second, the process of transformation of old to modern socio-cultural culture in the novel is the driving factor for socio-cultural transformation; political factors, (changes in the power system), economic crisis (trade crisis), feminism (the struggle of women fighting for their rights as women), open society systems (the birth of a new generation).

DECLARATION
Author contribution: Author contributes to research paper.

…
"It always reminded him of the day school opened in al-Awafi, several years ago.Schools have opened but girls older than ten years are not allowed to enter.They will only be accepted into basic adult literacy classes..."(Jukhah Al-Ḥāriṡy, 2010, p.  8)